We will first understand each of the components of the error separately. OSError is an error class for the OS module. It is a built-in exception in python, which is raised.
It is raised when the error occurs due to some system failure. When the disk is full, or the file cannot be found, OSError is raised. OSError itself is derived from the EnvironmentError. As the name suggests, invalid argument errors occur when an invalid argument is passed to a function.
If a function was expecting an argument of a particular data type but instead received an argument of a different data type, it will throw an invalid argument error. The tf. But instead, it received 1 and 2 as the argument. We can read a csv file by accessing it through a URL or even locally. Let us try to understand it with the help of an example.
The below code has been executed in python shell to access local files. The reason behind the error is that python does not consider the backslash. Because of that, it showed oserror invalid argument. So what we have to do is that instead of a backslash, we have to replace it with a forwarding slash.
We can get OSError : [errno22] invalid argument error while opening files with the open function. The open function in python is used for opening a file. It returns a file object. That package is included in the GUI install but not in the base install.
This method works in-memory and tends to be faster. To get the old default behavior i. The new preferred way to select the method of calculating bounding boxes is the option --calcbb or the shortcut -c.
The options are:. The default rendering resolution is now 72 dpi instead of dpi. Resolution can still be set with the -x and -y options. A new option flag --percentText which changes the interpretation of the percentage values passed to --percentRetain and --percentRetain4.
With this flag the left and right margins are set to a percentage of the text width bounding box width and the top and bottom margins are set to a percentage of the text height. The basic features work out of the box with the GUI install, but the default install and some of the options require either the external program pdftoppm or Ghostscript.
Note on Python 2 installs: The program still runs and installs on Python 2, but the Pillow dependency will not be automatically installed because the most recent version available for Python 2 has several moderate-severity security vulnerabilities.
You can choose to install it yourself via pip install pillow --user ; otherwise, only the --bbcalc gb or --gsBbox method of calculating crops will work and Ghostscript is required. To install system-wide without --user the pip3 command below would also need to be run with sudo. It has fewer dependencies, but it requires that either pdftoppm or Ghostscript be installed. Not all options are available.
Troubleshooting: If you have problems with the install of PyMuPDF, the first thing to try is to upgrade your version of the pip program and then retry:. The pip program should be automatically installed along with Python. If you cannot find the pip executable you can usually run it like this:.
Note that on some Windows installs the executable for Python is py rather than python. The plain install, without the GUI, has fewer dependencies but requires either Ghostscript or pdftoppm to be installed. A version of pdftoppm is supplied for Windows, which will be used as a fallback.
To install without the GUI use:. In order for the command pdf-crop-margins to work from the command line the bin directory that it is created in by the pip command must be on the Windows Path.
The system-wide Python bin directory should already be on the path if you checked the box to modify Path when you installed Python; otherwise it should be added. If you install with the --user option to pip then you need to be sure that the local Python bin directory is in the Windows Path.
The program can be run 1 from the command line, 2 from the command line with a GUI, 3 from a Python program, or 3 from the source repo. To run the same command with the GUI for fine-tuning, use:. The full output of that command is also listed below, at the bottom of this page. To run the GUI, assuming that version of pdfCropMargins has been installed, just pass the -gui flag in addition to any other flags.
The program is still a command-line application, and still respects all the flags, but the GUI lets you fine-tune the values of some of the command-line arguments such as the percent to crop, etc. The output filenames, etc. Options modifiable from the GUI are initially set to any values passed in on the command line. Multiple cropping calls for the same document tend to be faster because the PDF pages usually only need to be rendered to images one time. Just import the crop function and then call it with a list containing the usual command-line arguments as separate items.
For example:. The pdfCropMargins program can be run directly from the source code directory tree, provided the dependencies are installed.
Just clone the repo and run the program pdfCropMargins. To pip install the program and its dependencies from the cloned repo rather than from PyPI just go to the root of the source directory and run pip install.
As usual, for code development use the -e option to make the code editable. Mar 9, Mar 1, Feb 14, Nov 16, Nov 12, Oct 23, Oct 18, Sep 22, Sep 12, Aug 23, Jul 28, May 17, Sep 9, Aug 21, Aug 20, Feb 8, Apr 9, Mar 14, Feb 27, Download the file for your platform.
If you're not sure which to choose, learn more about installing packages. Warning Some features may not work without JavaScript. Please try enabling it if you encounter problems. Search PyPI Search. Latest version Released: Mar 9, Navigation Project description Release history Download files.
Project links Homepage. Maintainers abarker. Project description Project details Release history Download files Project description The pdfCropMargins program is a command-line application to automatically crop the margins of PDF files. Features Automatically detects the margins and can crop a given percentage of them.
Can crop all the pages to the same size to give a uniform appearance such as in two-up. Has an optional graphical user interface GUI for interactive cropping.
A version of pdftoppm for Windows is included. Renders and analyzes page images to find the bounding boxes, which allows it to deal with noisy scanned PDFs. Can automatically apply a Ghostscript repair operation to attempt to fix corrupt PDF files. Can crop pages uniformly based on the nth smallest crop values, which helps with noisy images or documents where a few pages have unwanted markings in their margins. Can automatically run a document previewer on the output file.
The format of automatically-generated output-file names is easily modifiable. Preserves document catalog information such as outlines if possible. Crops rotated pages according to their appearance in the document viewer.
Can deal with at least simple cases of password-encrypted files. Works with Python 3 and Python 2. New in version 1. This method does not work for scanned documents.
The older method-selection options still work, only the default has changed. Installing The easiest way to install the pdfCropMargins program is by using pip. This is the full install, with the GUI and external utility programs: sudo apt install python3-pip ghostscript poppler-utils python3-setuptools python3-tk pip3 install pdfCropMargins [ gui ] --user --upgrade Here is the plain install, without the GUI or MuPDF bounding-box calculations. Windows The pip program should be automatically installed along with Python.
To install with the GUI use: pip install pdfCropMargins [ gui ] --upgrade The plain install, without the GUI, has fewer dependencies but requires either Ghostscript or pdftoppm to be installed. To install without the GUI use: pip install pdfCropMargins --upgrade In order for the command pdf-crop-margins to work from the command line the bin directory that it is created in by the pip command must be on the Windows Path.
Running The program can be run 1 from the command line, 2 from the command line with a GUI, 3 from a Python program, or 3 from the source repo. Running from the command line After installation via pip the program can be run with a command such as: pdf-crop-margins -v -s -u your-file. To run the same command with the GUI for fine-tuning, use: pdf-crop-margins -v -s -u -gui your-file.
For example: from pdfCropMargins import crop crop [ "-p" , "20" , "-u" , "-s" , "paper1. Running from the source distribution The pdfCropMargins program can be run directly from the source code directory tree, provided the dependencies are installed. Getting good crops To diagnose unexpected crops, try running with the -v verbose argument. It will tell you the page with the smallest crop amount for a margin, among other data. Running without the -u or -s options will crop each page separately, so you can see which pages might be causing problems such as pages with noise near the borders or margin text.
To get cropped pages all the same size be sure to use both -s to first make pages the same size and -u to crop each page by the same amount. Sometimes a small pre-crop is needed -ap or -ap4 to get past small, unwanted markings near the edges of pages. Cropping the margins can make it easier to read the pages of a PDF document -- whether the document is printed or displayed on a screen -- because the display fonts are larger.
Margin-cropping is also sometimes useful when a PDF file is included in a document as a graphic. There are many options which can be set, however, including the percentage of existing margins to retain. Here is a simple example of cropping a file named document. The pdfCropMargins program works by changing the page sizes which are stored in the PDF file and are interpreted by programs like Acrobat Reader.
Both the CropBox and the MediaBox are set to the newly- computed cropped size. After this the view of the document in most programs will be the new, cropped view. In order to reduce the number of copies of a document which must be saved, a basic '--restore' option is provided.
When cropping a file not produced by the pdfCropMargins program the default is to save the intersection of the MediaBox and any existing CropBox in the ArtBox. This saves the "usual" view of the original document in programs like Acrobat Reader. Subsequent crops of a file produced by pdfCropMargins do not by default alter the ArtBox. Add empty directories. May 9, Initial Commit. Jan 15, View code. Topics Covered This book ranges in topic from native Python to external modules to writing your own modules.
How do I profile CPU and memory usage? What depth of profiling should I use? How can I profile a long-running application? What's happening under the hood with CPython? How do I keep my code correct while tuning performance? Chapter 2: Profiling What are the elements of a computer's architecture? What are some common alternate computer architectures? How does Python abstract the underlying computer architecture?
What are some of the hurdles to making performant Python code? What strategies can help you become a highly performant programmer? Chapter 3: Lists and Tuples What are lists and tuples good for? How is that complexity achieved? What are the differences between lists and tuples?
How does appending to a list work? When should I use lists and tuples? Chapter 4: Dictionaries and Sets What are dictionaries and sets good for? How are dictionaries and sets the same?
What is the overhead when using a dictionary? How can I optimize the performance of a dictionary? How does Python use dictionaries to keep track of namespaces? Chapter 5: Iterators How do generators save memory? When is the best time to use a generator? When is lazy evaluation beneficial, and when is it not?
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